Pigmentation disorder, commonly seen as melasma or hyperpigmentation, refers to the uneven distribution of melanin in sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the face, chest, shoulders, and the backs of the hands. Genetic predisposition often plays a key role in developing this condition.

Skin issues like sunspots, freckles, and dark spots—collectively referred to as hyperpigmentation or skin discoloration—can affect individuals of all ages and genders.

Pigmentation treatments target the skin layer where melanocytes (the cells responsible for melanin production) are located. These treatments aim to break down excess melanin, helping to restore an even skin tone and improve the skin’s overall appearance.